Showing posts with label choosing a college major. Show all posts
Showing posts with label choosing a college major. Show all posts

11 November 2014

Change Your Major - Or Change Your School? How to Decide


We’re a few months into the new school year, and it’s official: You hate it. You would rather have dental surgery every day than spend one more minute on campus. The worst part? You have no idea what went wrong. On paper, everything seemed perfect.

At this point, you may be thinking about packing it in. Maybe you’ve thought about transferring to another school and starting over. But before you make a life-changing decision — and take on all of the stress and expense that goes with it — take a few moments to determine the real source of the issue.

The Problem Is Your Major

When you applied to college, you may or may not have had a clear vision of what you wanted to do with your life. Either way, you were most likely encouraged to choose a major, with the caveat that you could change it later on if you wanted.

Well, “later” has finally arrived, and you are miserable. You might be blaming your unhappiness on other factors, such as the other people on campus, your housing situation, the cafeteria food, but the fact is, if you hate what you are studying for 30-40 hours a week or more, it’s going to cloud your perception of everything else. Before you check out though, ask yourself these questions:

Why did I choose my major? If you only chose your major because you had to pick something, because you were pressured by your parents, or because you heard that you can earn a huge salary in that field, there’s a good chance that you will hate it. 

Do I like this subject? First things first: Every major is going to require coursework that you will find boring or pointless. It’s inevitable. But if you discover after a few classes that every class is dull, and that you just aren’t interested in learning more about the subject, a major change is in order. Consider this: Do you want to spend the rest of your life, or at least the next few decades, focused on that subject?

How are you performing? If your grades stink, you might be in the wrong place. Of course, poor performance could be due to lack of interest and effort, but if you are really trying and still can’t seem to catch up or grasp the information, you might be happier in another program. 

There is nothing wrong with changing your major; in fact, most college students change their program of study at least three times. If you’re truly unhappy, think about whether it’s due to your studies, and make the necessary change.

The Problem is Your School

Sometimes, the problem runs deeper than your coursework and you need to make a bigger change. Transferring to a new school is a big decision, but in some cases, it is the better one. If any of these apply to you, then a change of scenery may be in order.

You can’t study what you want. If you’ve decided that a change of major is in order, but your current school doesn’t offer what you want, you may need to transfer. Even if you have taken classes in a wide range of subjects without any clear focus, most colleges will allow you to transfer the credits you already have so you don’t have to start from scratch.

You can’t afford your school. Even if you love your school, if the bills are piling up and you are facing a mountain of debt after graduation, you might want to think about transferring somewhere more affordable. 

You’ve tried fixing issues and you’re still miserable. Sometimes, campus life just isn’t a good fit. If you’ve tried everything — and we mean everything — to be happy on campus, such as moving to a new dorm or off campus, joining different activities, and talking with your advisors and residence life staff, and it still hasn’t worked, transferring may be the right choice. There are times when you simply can’t fit a square peg into a round hole, and the sooner you acknowledge that, the better.

One of the best parts about going to college these days is that nothing is set in stone. It’s a time for exploration, experimentation, and self-discovery. So don’t avoid the hard questions when you are unhappy, and make all the changes you need to get where you want to be.

03 January 2014

An Introduction to Econometrics


Economics, the basic social science that focuses on the processes, inputs, and outputs of a variety of functions in a society, is an important area of study, as it provides the world with current information about the status of a social unit, as well as data that can be analyzed to help with future endeavors. But while this science may yield information to be scrutinized by professionals, these individuals must find a separate mathematical and statistical process to help infer the raw data, thus formulating a visible and usable finished product. And in order to use basic and complex economic data, social scientists employ econometrics, a process that acts as a direct link between economics and the real world.

The Basics of Econometrics

Although economics is a social science itself, econometrics is a set of processes that lies within the boundaries of economics, acting as a tool that can be applied to raw data. Econometrics uses formulas of mathematics, statistics, and even computer science to help economists understand the data they acquire from studies and use it to comprehend the current system, as well as to infer possible outcomes in the future.

Ultimately, econometrics is a process meant to simplify the study of economics, as while economic studies will result in a variety of arbitrary numbers about the current trends occurring in a market or along a demographic line, the application of econometrics morphs these sets of numbers into understandable data sets. And of course, once an economist has access to a usable set of data, it is easy to formulate ideas and theories and even apply future policies in order to benefit those in the market.
Intro to Econometrics: Stockvault

The Purpose of Studying Econometrics

Being that it uses complex mathematic formulas to interpret raw data, econometrics is often looked upon as one of the most difficult aspects of economics and is avoided by many of those in the field who believe it to be useless in the future. And, naturally, a student of economics can largely understand the basics of economics and economic theory by taking core classes, such as principles of microeconomics, macroeconomics, and even financial economies.

But while these subjects may give a student a basic or even strong grasp of the function of economic models, they do not allow the student to apply the models to empirical data in order to help formulate a theory or policy. With a comprehensive knowledge of different economic theories, a student is only equipped to work in a hypothetical world, as much of economics ideas work on "perfect-world" scenarios and potential outcomes. The study of econometrics gives students the ability to prove and disprove specific theories and eventually create functioning economic ideas that can be used in real-world situations.

Studying Concurrently

It is in the best interest of any student of economics to focus on understanding economics as a social science while simultaneously receiving a basic or thorough education on econometrics so as to possess a way to combine the two together. For while economics as a science will lead to raw information, it is the study of econometrics that can be used to help change the world.

By:
Vincent Murray writes on economics, finance, business, accounting, banking and other similar topics. Readers who are thinking about entering the financial world should consider viewing the banking jobs with moneyjobs.com.

05 December 2013

Becoming A Computer Science Major


What Do First Year Computer Science Majors Learn?

Do you love to play on your smartphone? Do you enjoy social media and new forms of technology? If so, you may want to consider becoming a computer science major. As a computer science major, you will learn a number of skills that can help you to land a job in Silicon Valley or with other top-paying employers. If you're unsure about what computer science students do, below is a review of some of the material first year majors will learn.

Computer Programming

Take the introductory course offered by your university to find out if you want to pursue a computer science degree. Most universities will teach students basic computer programming skills in their introductory courses. These skills allow you to create databases and develop web applications.

Your First Year

After taking the right computer programming, mathematics, and science courses, you will know how to access technical resources, document programs, understand web-based information, evaluate the quality of programming, understand how apps are developed, and possibly how to build your own app. The goal for computer science majors is to learn how to solve problems by using technology. While students will not be able to do everything during their first year, they will learn a great deal. This will help them get ready for subsequent years where they build websites, design apps, and program new software. Just about every business will need to hire a computer science major at some point, and those pursuing this field will have a bevy of career options to choose from.

Computer hardware: Stockvault
Skills You Need

While some people take a course in high school to learn about computer science, the courses held at universities are different. You may have a slight advantage if you take a high school course, as most students come in with relatively little experience. You will need to have excellent problem-solving skills, an ability to work in a team, and strong communication skills. You need to rely on other people to help with coding and other things, meaning that you must be able to work well with others.

Preparing Yourself

Once you sign up for a course in computer science, you need to prepare yourself for a few of the things you will encounter. Some people like to work alone on their projects. When you are school, you will need to work as a team for the most part, and after graduation, you can choose to work on your own if you want, where you don't have to work with other programmers.

To complete a degree in computer science, you not only need to have a passion for programming and computers, but you should also be prepared to take a lot of math courses. Sitting in class and learning from lectures can help, but one of the best things you can do is acquire some hands-on experience in the field. Look for internships and other opportunities so you can advance your skills and become marketable to employers after graduation.

Byline
Jared Franklin writes on computer science, software, gadgets, gadget accessories such as the kensington ipad keyboard case, gizmos, the tech business and other assorted topics.


08 November 2013

Mobile Computing Offering a Pool of Opportunities to Graduates


We are living in a time where it is almost mandatory to stay technologically updated to survive the competitive environment.  The uncertain economic scenario and soaring education expenses simply exaggerate the competition on the employment platform. The 21st century is an age where technology in the form of mobile devices, computers, tablets etc dominates every household. Its influence however, does not stop there, on the educational scenario brick and mortar schools and colleges are being given a difficult competition by online education modules.

It is however, still considered a boon that has made our lives relatively easy. We can easily communicate with anyone and everyone literally quite easily. It has enables us to reach out to a vast number of people with just a click. But, in order to progress there is a need to improve and innovate in this field.

To make this possible there is a need for professionals possessing the right skills and knowledge required for this field. Thus we can say if mobile communications has increased competition in various areas it has also created opportunities. It is one of the most promising fields of education that offers a wide range of career opportunities for the students with an interest to innovate something new. Employers seek candidates who can efficiently handle challenges in regard to network technologies and possess thorough knowledge in real world applications. 

Careers with degree in mobile communications

In order to tap into this opportunity pool, students can either opt for either a BSc in mobile computing and communications or a similar top up degree. It will enable them to acquire skills necessary for a wide range of careers in this field.

The course prepares you for job titles such as designer for mobile applications, consultant or manager for mobile applications and middleware development, professionals engaged in developing innovative wireless networks that are associated with mobile or wireless internet and new mobile computing applications.

It has been noted that graduates with a degree in mobile computing and communications have found successful employment in the below fields:

- Mobile computing middleware development
- Wireless Networks management and development
- Mobile device application software development
- M-commerce user interface development
- Network security consultants

5 Benefits associated with this degree

- Understanding new and existing trends in networking

The demand for capable networking professionals is always present especially in top-notch corporate houses and large multinationals. This is where a degree in mobile communications proves to be an advantage. Students gain a broad knowledge on existing as well as new trends in the field of networking and wireless technology. They are also equipped with a better understanding of computer networks and technologies present for delivering data communications.

- Understanding the Information Systems

Learners get an in depth understanding of information systems and how to develop them. They also learn various functions of different systems and challenges associated with them.  They are taught to understand the various perspectives and interconnections that are required to be identified for successful results.


Photo: Stockvault
- Implementation of mobile devices

To develop successful mobile applications one has to understand and explore important issues in regard to the development of software applications for mobile and other networked devices.  Programming skills are also learnt by the students which help them to work on content and applications necessary for delivering applications for mobile platforms.

- Polishing research skills

Those undertaking such a course acquire extensive knowledge and required skills in researching. They also become aware of extensive use of live projects and the various approaches to researching.

- Acquiring generic skills

Students pursuing a course in mobile communication acquire generic skills and the essential knowledge obtained by all It managers. The course aims at assisting the students in learning diverse outsourcing approaches and development of staff.

Mobile computing and communications equips the learners with necessary knowledge, skills and experience required for a lucrative career in wireless and mobile computing. But this is not all, it also enhances the learners transferable skills including IT, giving presentations, problem solving, teamwork, leadership qualities. The students learn how to work in the constantly changing and developing environment which is a quality that employers always regard highly.

Hence even though technology has contributed in creating a competitive scenario, it has also provided a pool of employment opportunities. Learners possessing the required skills and knowledge can easily establish a lucrative career for themselves.

Author Bio:  Kerry Watson is an online tutor and an avid writer. She has written a wide range of articles focusing on the changing scenario of higher education and related topics.

31 October 2013

Are You Considering an HR degree?

Somebody once told me -let me clear the air, it wasn’t a random guy I met in the subway but a very experienced co-worker - that the employees of the company are its bloodstream. Sure they are! You need to maintain the right level of blood to make all your body parts function well. Pressure a notch up or low, and hey you’ll lose it all. So a company needs to be very careful how they handle their bloodstream to continue to function properly.

Why do We Need HR Business Partners to Maintain our Bloodstream?

Let me introduce another factor in our analogy to make it clear. The role of a doctor to monitor, prescribe medication and provide consultation when your flow of blood is not what it should be. Exactly the same way, the HR monitors the work progress of employees, lends an ear to all the troubles or issues experienced by them and devises policies that are in the best interest of both the employees and the organization. So they nurture the people giving them the room to perform to the best of their capabilities.

What do They Do For the Organizations?

The HR aligns their objectives with the strategic goals of the company so that targets are achieved as and when planned. They also  ensure that business strategy is put into action through the right people and that the organization’s culture, processes, systems and controls are geared towards getting the best out of its employees , who are the key resource in the workplace. 

Do They Actually Bring in a Competitive Edge?

Yes they do! Your HR business partner is your guy or your gal, who supports your mission, helps the business grow through its’ main functions of:
§     Resourcing,
§     Talent management,
§     Rewards and Compensation ,
§     Learning and Development
As a key business driver, your HR guy provides an environment that fosters growth and pushes employees to get innovative and creative, resulting in better productivity.Description: https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/images/cleardot.gif

How Much do They Earn?
Photo: Stockvault

Since they have become such an important part of the organization now, their absence adds up to be the cost for the business. Hence, this is the reason why, the companies are willing to spend thousands of bucks to attract the best out of the lot.
The median annual wage of human resources specialists is $52,690, growing at rate of 21%  which is faster than average. Also the median annual wage of human resources managers is around $99,180. A bright and crisp future, indeed.

What are Their Major Job Specifications?

Their role as a liaison between the workforce and the company makes them solve and fill in gaps. They take up new assignments and challenges quite frequently. However, major responsibilities at work include:
  • Work directly with line managers and their teams in implementing the HR policies to enhance performance achievement
  • Implement agreed priorities and HR initiatives, ensuring that initiatives are implemented effectively
  • Ensure staff are recognized based on performance
  • Implement reward plans for the business and support the annual pay review process. Ensure grievances are handled in accordance with the group policies
  • Ensure headcount and succession planning of the business is in place
  • Line management is aware of the values and qualities a potential candidate should have
  • Support business leaders in developing solutions to solve capability gaps using internal/ external levers

What Sort of Education and Certification do They Require?

To become an HR business partner you have to acquire a bachelor’s degree in human resources or any business related field with focus on human resource. Work experience and internships add up the skill sets and a master’s degree gives you more in-depth knowledge and brings in focus to your desired discipline. If you want to be at the top of your game then get a master degree and specialize in the area you are interested in.
There is no legal requirement as such for getting into this profession but certification to brush up skills and enhance knowledge pool always proves to be beneficial.
Hopefully, you are able to see the big picture now and see incisively how vital is the role of human resource business partner and the department in the success of the business.

Guest Post Contributed by: Richard Sandlar of onlineedublog.com

02 July 2013

Computer Science Majors and Alan Turing

Alan Turing is almost universally recognized as the inventor of computer science. This is based on his conception of both algorithms and computations via his signature invention, the Turing Machine. His influence in the computer sciences field is still widely felt and recognized today. In fact, computer science as it exists today may not have come about at all without the contributions of Alan Turing.



Turing's Mathematical Beginnings


Turing was always exceptionally adept at mathematics. He was known in school for being able to easily solve complex mathematical equations with ease. He was also very interested in science and proved equally talented in that area. He followed Albert Einstein's work closely and even added to it with some of his own highly evolved questioning.



The Turing Machine and Computational Numbers


His association with computer science began in 1936. He was 24-years-old at the time. It was then that he began working on computational numbers. He did so through the publication of an academic paper on the subject and applied computational numbers to the Entscheidungs problem. This paper laid the foundations of the Turing Machine that came later and was famous for being one of the first machines to be able to compute numbers and algorithms. Turing machines could decipher the logic of any algorithm using the computational numbers theory as a foundation.



Two years after delving into computational numbers, Turing obtained his Ph.D. degree from Princeton. His dissertation discussed the theory of relative computing. He went back to Britain and used his work with the Turing machine and his conceptions on relative computing to help the British government break German codes during WWII.



However, code breaking was not his only activity at this time. He also found time to design a machine called the Bombe that allowed the British to break German codes more swiftly. The U.S. Navy also made use of the Bombe for code breaking. This invention proved instrumental in many British and U.S. victories against the Germans during WWII.


Computer Circuit Board: Stockvault


Artificial Intelligence and Alan Turing


After the war, Turing began teaching and doing research at Manchester University. He wrote a paper on the problem of artificial intelligence in 1950. This was long before most people ever conceived of such things. The paper focused on the problem of the development of computers that could think and act on their own at the level of human intelligence. To combat the potential problem of artificial intelligence run amok, Turing proposed that computers be built with intelligence at the level of a small child and then be trained and educated so that the machines did not become dangerous. The famous Turing Test was derived from this paper. It is a test to measure the intelligence of a machine.



Turing's Continuing Influence on Computer Science Today


Though Turing sadly died while still at the peak of his career; his legend lives on. The Turing Award was conceived and named after him in 1966. It is awarded annually to individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to the field of the computer science. It is a prestigious award and is the world's way of honoring the man who laid the foundations of the computer-based society we live in today.

Byline
Stephen Normandy is a computer junkie who often writes on computer science, laptops, laptop accessories, gadgets and other related subjects; laptop owners may want to view the kensington laptop lock by visiting kensington.com.

28 May 2013

Accountant Job Satisfaction


While accounting may appear to be a career that lacks in overall employment satisfaction due to a perceived tediousness, there are studies and surveys that suggest that crunching numbers may be more fulfilling than individuals may speculate.

According to a U.S. News and World Report annual 100 Best Business Jobs of 2013 survey the top five jobs based on data provided by the U.S Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS) are:

1.  Market Research Analyst
2.  Financial Adviser
3.  Accountant
4.  Compliance Officer
5.  Bookkeeping, Accounting, & Audit Clerk

BLS data further shows that the median pay for accountants is around $61,690 (2010) or $29.66 per hour and that the number of accountant jobs in 2010 was 1,216,900. An employment change for 2010-2020 shows that an additional 190,700 are expected to be added for a total growth rate of 15.7 percent.

Are Accountants Relatively Satisfied with their Career?

Based on the BLS and US News information, one would believe that being an accountant is a very good career choice that pays well and offers stability and opportunities for growth. The role of the
accountant is important one, particularly after this country's recent flirtation with economic disaster and the need for the books and records of corporations, banks and governments to better reflect what is being done based on substantiated, not phantom, accounting methods and practices.

The existence of five big and four narrow traits determined the career satisfaction of an accountant. These traits (by "big" and "narrow") are:

Five Big Traits of Accountants

1.  Agreeableness/Teamwork
2.  Conscientiousness
3.  Emotional Stability
4.  Extraversion, and
5.  Openness

Four Narrow Traits of Accountants

1.  Assertiveness
2.  Customer-Service Orientation
3.  Optimism, and
4.  Work Drive

This suggests that the need for new accountants in light of the Bureau of Labor and Statistics projection of nearly 200,000 new accountants for the profession by 2020 requires recruiters to focus on those individuals in possession of the above traits.

Big Five Personality Traits as a Predictor of Accounting Career Satisfaction

Personality tests have been administered by human resources professional, such as the well-known Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator (MPTI) as a way to assess ability and determine if a candidate will fit in the work environment. The big five traits are an adaptation of standard personality tests applicable to the workplace. Of the five big traits, emotional stability, which relates to a person's emotional state on the job and their ability to adjust to their surroundings and function, especially when faced with stress and pressure, had the highest correlation to career satisfaction for accountants.

In addition to a high pay rate, accountants are also equipped with a steady employment rate that is expected to increase in the coming years. In an economy with an uncertain outlook, accountants and other similar positions are afforded job security rather than high unemployment rates. These factors, combined with personalities that function well under the conditions required for the position, are reasons that accountants have a high career satisfaction.

Ray Pilkington is a freelance writer based in Biloxi, Mississippi who concentrates his writing career on personal finance, taxation, tax reform, savings, economic development and other related topics; to learn more about taxation view the following information on R&R Income Tax.


10 May 2013

Industrial Engineering: A Failsafe Degree?


Individuals seeking a new career path in the engineering field may contemplate earning a degree in industrial engineering, believing this industry offers failsafe job options. Are the job prospects as positive as most individuals believe them to be, especially in the present struggling workforce?

What They Do

Industrial engineers focus on the design, development, implementation, and improvement on integrated systems, taking into consideration people, information, materials, energy, and equipment. From the factory assembly lines to hospital operating rooms, industrial engineers help improve complex processes to eliminate wastefulness in a wide range of industries and production processes.

Opportunities

Industrial engineering offers individuals a wide range of career possibilities. The greater your experience and qualifications are, the more job opportunities are available to you; however, with the multitude of choices and much-needed commitment required in this field comes tough decisions that could impact your prospects. In order to increase your chances of finding a position as an industrial engineer, you need to focus on opportunities that are best suited to your strengths and skills, allowing you to be the most effective.

Industrial engineering is predicted to increase by approximately six percent between the years 2010 and 2020, which is less than the overall occupational average; however, being versatile in both the pertinent industries and work nature, industrial engineers are attractive to most employers because their work can help businesses increase efficiency through cost control. Besides playing a crucial role in providing a corporation with a competitive edge, industrial engineering offers individuals many positive prospects in this career.

Career Versatility

Industrial engineering offers a wide range of career choices. Because industrial engineers do not specialize in a specific field, as do other engineers, they can seek employment in various industries such as hospitals, major manufacturing industries, research and development corporations, and consulting and engineering services.

Industrial engineers focus on reducing a company’s internal costs, which makes them a valuable asset to even the fastest growing industries. For those contemplating industrial engineering as a career choice, individuals need to take into account that finding a job in this industry may be hindered because many employment opportunities in manufacturing industries are projected to decline or only slowly grow through over the next few years.

Exceptional Pay

Those who are seeking a position as an industrial engineer can expect to earn a decent annual salary. The median annual salary for an industrial engineer was approximately $76,100, as of May 2010. Median annual salaries for industrial engineers in the top employing industries as of May 2010 were as follows:

• Semiconductor and electronic component manufacturing - $83,620
• Navigational, electromedical, control instruments, and measuring manufacturing - $81,850
• Engineering, architectural, and related services - $80,990
• Aerospace parts and products manufacturing - $80,940
• Automobile parts manufacturing - $72,840

Promotion Opportunities

After obtaining the proper amount of experience, it is not uncommon for industrial engineers to be promoted to a managerial position. For those who are seeking a management position, industrial engineering offers an easy solution. Aspiring industrial engineers obtain similar business training and education as business students, and many times industrial engineers will minor in sales or businesses administration. Additional math, technology, and science training make industrial engineers more marketable to employers, and many will complete their educational experience by earning an MBA.

Nigel Cunningham is a writer and blogger currently penning articles for Allight Sykes, a company which supplies a range of products such as light towers, mining pumps and other equipment.

16 April 2013

Degree in Petroleum Engineering

The petroleum industry is experiencing robust and sustained growth as the international and domestic demand for petroleum products, ranging from gasoline to lubricating oil, continues to rise. Because of this, petroleum engineers are in great demand; some students have even been able to obtain well-compensated and secure employment before their graduation.



Currently, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS ) estimates that there are over 30,000 petroleum engineers employed in the United States. The job opportunities for petroleum engineers are expanding at a robust 17 percent with over 35,000 positions expected by 2020. In addition, job openings due to retirement and other sources of attrition help ensure a wide range of opportunities for individuals seeking to enter this field. The BLS has also determined that petroleum engineers enjoy excellent salary and benefit packages, with the median annual salary for a petroleum engineer exceeding $114,000, while the upper 10 percent of engineers earn over $166,000. In many cases, these wages do not take into account very generous vacation, housing, and medical plan options. 


Get Them Before They're Gone


However, because the market for petroleum engineers is such a competitive one, and obtaining a skilled staff so vital to the effective exploitation of petroleum resources, many companies prefer to hire students before their graduation in order to avoid the risk that another business will secure the student’s services first. In addition, this competitive job market helps ensure that students and graduates alike can obtain very promising compensation and professional packages as a part of their hiring contract. 



In addition, offering a job to a student who has not yet graduated can allow a company to help the student focus on those areas of expertise that the employer finds most important. Given the wide range of specialties within the field of petroleum engineering, this can allow a company to dramatically reduce the amount of training required for a newly hired engineer. It also allows the student to prepare him or herself for the job by learning about the employer’s corporate culture and mission. 


High Demand means High Value


The growing demand for petroleum engineers is largely due to two factors. The first is the continued growth of the national and international energy development sector. The need for petroleum engineers, whether it is to work in traditional oil fields or to work in research and development for more efficient methods of oil extraction, has created an insatiable demand for highly qualified employees. Because of the specialized knowledge and skill base required to work in the petroleum industry, retraining other engineers for this field is unfeasible in most cases. 



In addition, the highly skilled faculty needed to train students in petroleum engineering has created a bottleneck in the supply of new graduates. From 1957 until the last decade, enrollment in petroleum engineering programs suffered a steady decrease in class sizes. When coupled with retirement and other sources of attrition among currently employed engineers, this educational decline contributed to the current shortage of qualified petroleum engineers. While many schools are attempting to expand their programs, the need to secure experienced instructors and facilities places a limit on how quickly these programs can expand.



Although it is likely that the supply of graduates will eventually match the current demand, for the foreseeable future, petroleum engineering students will continue to enjoy excellent job and salary prospects offered by employers who continue to face a shortage of qualified engineers. Furthermore, the continuing expansion of petroleum extraction operations into previously untapped areas, coupled with the growing energy demands of the developing world, make it certain that this career field will continue to experience robust growth. This makes becoming a petroleum engineer an excellent choice for students seeking a secure career in today’s business environment.


This piece was written by Eric Satterberg, a freelancer who concentrates on education, engineering, mathematics, science, oil and gas, energy, alternative fuel sources and other related issues; to learn more about engineering visit Audubon Engineering.

02 April 2013

What Math Must an Accountant Master?

Since accountants are responsible for recording and analyzing various business operations, they must master mathematical skills that range from basic computation to depreciation formulas. Although knowledge of algebra is helpful, it is not necessary. Mathematical skills needed by accountants to pass the CPA examination are learned in the various accounting classes.

The Work of Certified Public Accountants


The work of the CPA is essential in every business and government entity. They audit, analyze, and compute taxes and give advice to businesses, governments, and individuals that conduct business in the United States. They use ratios, percentages, and comparisons to determine the entity’s financial position and advise management about the best course of action to improve their financial position. Before engaging in work as a CPA, candidates must pass a state examination.


Sections of the CPA Exam


The four sections of the CPA examination are auditing, business environment and concepts, regulation, and financial accounting. You may choose the order in which you take the sections, but you must successfully pass all four sections within 18 months.


Noting the various sections of the CPA examination, you may conclude that the only section requiring mathematics is the financial and recording section. The other sections test the candidate’s knowledge of law, ethics, and business strategy.


Financial Accounting and Reporting


This section contains material learned in college accounting classes from basic accounting through cost/management accounting. In addition, governmental, nongovernmental, and not-for-profit accounting material is covered. Financial statements, typical business transactions, and accounting concepts are covered.


A class in business mathematics is sufficient to prepare the CPA candidate to pass the examination. For example, the successful candidate knows that current assets divided by current liabilities yields the current ratio. The ability to interpret the significance of the ratio distinguishes the quality of the accountants.


Comparing Financial Statements


The accountant compares income statements and balance sheets to determine what the business entity has done during the past years. The difference between each asset, liability, and equity account balance shows the increase or decrease of the account between the years. The accountant may divide the total into the individual accounts to determine the percentage for each account. A basic business mathematics class prepares the accountant for making these computations.


Cost Accounting


Regardless of the system used, the accountant uses basic mathematical skills for cost accounting. Addition and subtraction are needed to determine inventory values, and division is used to determine unit cost. The desired profit is determined and is computed using basic mathematical skills.


Taxes and Payroll


Basic mathematical skills are used to compute depreciation, taxes, and payrolls. The IRS has determined the methods used to compute depreciation and payroll taxes. In addition, the IRS also provides charts to determine the amount of depreciation for each year of the asset’s life.


 Industry Standards


The CPA compares the various ratios and financial statements with the industry standards. By making these comparisons, the accountant will know how well the entity is doing. He or she will be able to determine what the entity needs to do to improve its position in the industry.


Conclusion


The work of the CPA requires an analytical mind to analyze financial statements and other reports. The mathematical skills necessary to complete these reports require basic mathematics.



Robert Penny writes on education, accountancy, mathematics, higher learning and other kindred subjects. Those curious about accounting jobs can learn a great deal more about accounting jobs with moneyjobs.com.